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CP1 Principles of Philosophy (1931)

Harvard University Press 1931

Introduction

Book I. General Historical Orientation
Chapter 1. Lessons From the History of Philosophy 15
Chapter 2. Lessons From the History of Science 43
Chapter 3. Notes On Scientific Philosophy 126

Book II. The Classification of The Sciences
Chapter 1. An Outline Classification of The Sciences
Chapter 2. A Detailed Classification of The Sciences

Book III. Phenomenology
Chapter 1. Introduction 284
Chapter 2. The Categories In Detail
Chapter 3. A Guess At The Riddle 354
Chapter 4. The Logic Of Mathematics; An Attempt To Develop My Categories From Within 417
Chapter 5. Degenerate Cases 521
Chapter 6. On A New List Of Categories 545
Chapter 7. Triadomany 568

Book IV. The Normative Sciences
Chapter 1. Introduction 573
Chapter 2. Ultimate Goods 575
Chapter 3. An Attempted Classification Of Ends 585
Chapter 4. Ideals Of Conduct 591
Chapter 5. Vitally Important Topics 616

CP2 Elements of Logic (1932)

Introduction

Book I. General and Historical Survey of Logic
Chapter 1. Critical Analysis of Logical Theories 1
Chapter 2. Partial Synopsis of a Proposed Work in Logic 79
Chapter 3. Why Study Logic? 119

Book II. Speculative Grammar
Chapter 1. Ethics of Terminology 219
Chapter 2. Division of Signs 227
Chapter 3. The Icon, Index and Symbol 274
Chapter 4. Propositions 309
Chapter 5. Terms. 391
Chapter 6. The Grammatical Theory of Judgement and Inference 435

Book III. Critical Logic
A. Explicative Reasoning
Chapter 1. The Aristotelian Syllogistic 445
Chapter 2. On the Natural Classification of Arguments 461
Chapter 3. Extension of the Aristotelian Syllogistic 517
Chapter 4. Notes on Explicative Reasoning 537
Chapter 5. Deduction, Induction and Hypothesis 619
Chapter 6. The Doctrine of Chances 645
Chapter 7. The Probability of Induction 669
Chapter 8. A Theory of Probable Inference 694
Chapter 9. The Varieties and Validity of Induction 755
Chapter 10. Notes on Ampliative Reasoning 773

CP3 The Mathematics of Logic (1932)

Introduction
Paper 1. On an Improvement in Boole’s Calculus of Logic (1867)
Paper 2. Upon the Logic of Mathematics (1867) 20
Paper 3. Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus Of Logic (1870) 45
Paper 4. On the Application of Logical Analysis to Multiple Algebra (1875) 150
Paper 5. Note On Grassmann's Calculus of Extension (1877) 152
Paper 6. On the Algebra of Logic (1880) 154
Paper 7. On the Logic of Number (1881) 252
Paper 8. Associative Algebra
Paper 9. Brief Description of the Algebra of Relatives (1882) 306
Paper 10 On the Relative Forms of Quaternions (1882) 323
Paper 11. On a Class of Multiple Algebras (1882) 324
Paper 12. The Logic of Relatives (1883) 328
Paper 13. On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation (1885) 359
Paper 14. The Critic of Arguments (1892) 404
Paper 15. The Regenerated Logic (1896) 425
Paper 16. The Logic of Relatives (1897) 456
Paper 17. The Logic of Mathematics in Relation to Education (1898) 553
Paper 18. Infinitesimals (1900 563
Paper 19. Nomenclature and Divisions of Dyadic Relations (1903) 571
Paper 20. Notes on Symbolic Logic and Mathematics (1901 & 1911) 609

CP4 The Simplest Mathematics (1933)

INTRODUCTION
EDITORIAL NOTE

BOOK I. LOGIC AND MATHEMATICS

1
PREFACE 1
I. A BOOLIAN ALGEBRA WITH ONE CONSTANT (1880) 12
II. THE ESSENCE OF REASONING (1893) 21
III. SECOND INTENTIONAL LOGIC (1893) 80
IV. THE LOGIC OF QUANTITY (1893) 85
V. A THEORY ABOUT QUANTITY (1897) 153
VI. MULTITUDE AND NUMBER (1897)
VII. THE SIMPLEST MATHEMATICS (1902) 227
VIII. NOTES ON THE LIST OF POSTULATES OF DR. HUNTINGTON'S SECTION 2 (1904) 324
IX. ORDINALS (1905) 331
X. ANALYSIS OF SOME DEMONSTRATIONS CONCERNING POSITIVE INTEGERS (1905) 341

BOOK II. EXISTENTIAL GRAPHS
I. EULER'S DIAGRAMS 347
II. SYMBOLIC LOGIC 372
III. EXISTENTIAL GRAPHS
IV. ON EXISTENTIAL GRAPHS, EULER'S DIAGRAMS, AND LOGICAL ALGEBRA 418
    Introduction 418
    Part I. Principles of Interpretation 424
    Part II. The Principles of Illative Transformation
V. THE GAMMA PART OF EXISTENTIAL GRAPHS 510
VI. PROLEGOMENA TO AN APOLOGY FOR PRAGMATICISM 530
VII. AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE GAMMA GRAPHS 573

BOOK III. THE AMAZING MAZES
A. THE FIRST CURIOSITY 585
B. A SECOND CURIOSITY 643
C. ANOTHER CURIOSITY 647

CP5 Pragmatism and Pragmaticism (1934)

Introduction
Editorial Note
Preface
    1. A Definition of Pragmatic and Pragmatism 1
    2. The Architectonic Construction of Pragmatism 5
    3. Historical Affinities and Genesis 11

BOOK I. LECTURES ON PRAGMATISM
I. PRAGMATISM: THE NORMATIVE SCIENCES 14
II. THE UNIVERSAL CATEGORIES 41
III. THE CATEGORIES CONTINUED 66
IV. THE REALITY OF THIRDNESS 93
V. THREE KINDS OF GOODNESS 120
VI. THREE TYPES OF REASONING 151
VII. PRAGMATISM AND ABDUCTION 180

BOOK II. PUBLISHED PAPERS
I. QUESTIONS CONCERNING CERTAIN FACULTIES CLAIMED FOR MAN
II. SOME CONSEQUENCES OF FOUR INCAPACITIES 264
III. GROUNDS OF VALIDITY OF THE LAWS OF LOGIC: FURTHER CONSEQUENCES OF FOUR INCAPACITIES 318
IV. THE FIXATION OF BELIEF 358
V. HOW TO MAKE OUR IDEAS CLEAR 388
VI. WHAT PRAGMATISM IS 411
VII. ISSUES OF PRAGMATICISM 438

BOOK III. UNPUBLISHED PAPERS
A. A SURVEY OF PRAGMATICISM 464
B. PRAGMATICISM AND CRITICAL COMMON-SENSISM 497
C. CONSEQUENCES OF CRITICAL COMMON-SENSISM 502
D. BELIEF AND JUDGMENT 538
E. TRUTH 549
F. METHODS FOR ATTAINING TRUTH 574
APPENDIX 605
    

CP6 Scientific Metaphysics (1934)

Preface
1. The Backward State of Metaphysics 1 1
2. The Problems of Metaphysics 6 6

BOOK I. ONTOLOGY AND COSMOLOGY

7

A. Tychism

7
CHAPTER 1. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THEORIES 7
CHAPTER 2. THE DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY EXAMINED 35
CHAPTER 3. CAUSATION AND FORCE 66
CHAPTER 4. VARIETY AND UNIFORMITY 88

B. Synechism and Agapism
CHAPTER 5. THE LAW OF MIND 102
CHAPTER 6. THE CONTINUUM 164
CHAPTER 7. THE LOGIC OF CONTINUITY 185
CHAPTER 8. OBJECTIVE LOGIC 214
CHAPTER 9. MAN'S GLASSY ESSENCE 238
CHAPTER 10. MIND AND MATTER 272
CHAPTER 11. EVOLUTIONARY LOVE 287
CHAPTER 12. NOTES ON METAPHYSICS 318

BOOK II. RELIGION

395
CHAPTER 1. THE ORDER OF NATURE 395
CHAPTER 2. A RELIGION OF SCIENCE 428
CHAPTER 3. A NEGLECTED ARGUMENT FOR THE REALITY OF GOD 452
CHAPTER 4. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING MY BELIEF IN GOD 494
CHAPTER 5. HUME ON MIRACLES 522
CHAPTER 6. SCIENCE AND IMMORTALITY 548
CHAPTER 7. LOGIC AND SPIRITUALISM 557
    

APPENDIX

588
A. Reply to the Necessitarians; Rejoinder to Dr. Carus 588
B. Nominalism Versus Realism 619
C. What is Meant by "Determined"? 625

CP7 Science and Philosophy (1934)

CP8 Reviews, Correspondence and Bibliography (1934)

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Books
The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce

CP2 Elements of Logic
Harvard University Press 1932

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Contents

Introduction

Book I. General and Historical Survey of Logic
Chapter 1. Critical Analysis of Logical Theories
     1. Logic's Promises 1
    2. Of Minute Accuracy 8
    3. Different Methods in Logic
Chapter 2. Partial Synopsis of a Proposed Work in Logic
    1. Originality, Obsistence, and Transuasion 79 79
    2. Terms, Propositions, and Arguments 95
    3. Clearness of Ideas 98
    4. Abduction, Deduction, and Induction 100
    5. Speculative Rhetoric 105
    6. Objective Logic 111
Chapter 3. Why Study Logic?
    1. The Pre-Logical Sciences 119
    2. Ten Pre-Logical Opinions 123
    3. The Objectivity of Truth 135
    4. Direct Knowledge 140
    5. Reasoning and Expectation 144
    6. The Fallibility of Reasoning and the Feeling of Rationality 151
    7. Reasoning and Conduct 175
    8. Reasoning and Consciousness 179
    9. Logica Utens 186
    10. Logica Utens and Logica Docens 188
    11. The Improvement of Reasoning 191
    12. Esthetics, Ethics, and Logic 196
    13. Utility of Logical Theory 201
    14. Logic 203

Book II. Speculative Grammar
Chapter 1. Ethics of Terminology 219
Chapter 2. Division of Signs
    1. Ground, Object, and Interpretant 227
    2. Signs and Their Objects 230
    3. Division of Triadic Relations 233
    4. One Trichotomy of Signs 243
    5. A Second Trichotomy of Signs 247
    6. A Third Trichotomy of Signs 250
    7. Ten Classes of Signs 254
    8. Degenerate Signs 265
    9. The Trichotomy of Arguments 266
    10. Kinds of Propositions 271
    11. Represent 273
Chapter 3. The Icon, Index and Symbol
    1. Icons and Hypoicons 274
    2. Genuine and Degenerate Indices 283
    3. The Nature of Symbols 292
    4. Sign 303
    5. Index 305
    6. Symbol 307
Chapter 4. Propositions
    1. The Characteristics of Dicisigns 309
    2. Subjects and Predicates 315
    3. Dichotomies of Propositions 323
    4. A Pragmatic Interpretation of the Logical Subject 328
    5. The Nature of Assertion 332
    6. Rudimentary Propositions and Arguments 344
    7. Subject 357
    8. Predicate 358
    9. Predication 359
    10. Quantity 362
    11. Universal 367
    12. Particular 372
    13. Quality 374
    14. Negation 378
    15. Limitative 381
    16. Modality 382
Chapter 5. Terms.
    1. That these Conceptions are not so Modern as has been Represented 391
    2. Of the Different Terms applied to the Quantities of Extension and Comprehension 393
    3. Of the Different Senses in which the Terms Extension and Comprehension have been accepted 395
    4. Denials of the Inverse Proportionality of the Two Quantities, and Suggestions of a Third Quantity 400
    5. Three Principal Senses in which Comprehension and Extension will be taken in this Paper 407
    6. The Conceptions of Quality, Relation, and Representation, applied to this Subject 418
    7. Supplement of 1893 427
    8. Signification and Application 431
Chapter 6. The Grammatical Theory of Judgement and Inference
    1. Judgements 435
    2. Inference 442

Book III. Critical Logic
A. Explicative Reasoning
Chapter 1. The Aristotelian Syllogistic
    1. Pretensions of Demonstrative Reasoning 445 445
    2. Rules and Cases 452
    3. The Quadrant 455
Chapter 2. On the Natural Classification of Arguments
Part I
    1. Essential Parts of an Argument 461
    2. Relations between the Premisses and Leading Principle 465
    3. Decomposition of Argument 468
    4. Of a General Type of Syllogistic Argument 471
    Part II
    1. Of Apagogical Forms 475 475
    2. Of Contradiction 476
    3. Of Barbara 478
    4. Of the First Figure 479
    5. Second and Third Figures 480
    6. The Theophrastean Moods 500
    7. Mathematical Syllogisms 507
Part III
    1. Induction and Hypothesis 508
    2. Moods and Figures of Probable Inference 512
    3. Analogy 513
    4. Formal Relations of the Above Forms of Arguments 514
Chapter 3. Extension of the Aristotelian Logic
    1. On a Limited Universe of Marks 517
    2. General Canon of Syllogism 528
    3. Hamilton's Quantification of the Predicate 532
    4. Universe of Discourse 536
Chapter 4. Notes on Explicative Reasoning
    1. Logical 537
    2. Pure 544
    3. Organon 547
    4. Intention 548
    5. Material Logic 549
    6. Logical Contraposition and Conversion 550
    7. Obversion 551
    8. Syllogism 552
    9. Middle Term and Middle 581
    10. Premise and Premiss 582
    11. Mnemonic Verses and Words 584
    12. Reduction 585
    13. Leading Principle 588
    14. Nota Notæ 590
    15. Laws of Thought 593
    16. Regular Proof 601
    17. Pertinent 602
    18. Implicit 603
    19. Observation 606
    20. Spurious Proposition 607
    21. Opposition 608
    22. Inconsistency 609
    23. Reductio ad Absurdum 612
    24. Fallacies 613
    25. Insolubilia 618
B. Ampliative Reasoning
Chapter 5. Deduction, Induction and Hypothesis
    1. Rule, Case, and Result 619
    2. Baroco and Bocardo; Hypothesis and Induction 626
    3. Rules for Induction and Hypotheses 632
    4. Empirical Formulae and Theories 636
    5. On the Difference between Induction and Hypothesis 641
Chapter 6. The Doctrine of Chances
    1. Continuity and the Formation of Concepts 645
    2. The Problem of Probability 647
    3. On Degrees of Probability 649
    4. Three Logical Sentiments 652
    5. Fundamental Rules for the Calculation of Chances 656
    6. Notes on the Doctrine of Chances 661
Chapter 7. The Probability of Induction
    1. Rules for the Addition and Multiplication of Probabilities 669
    2. Materialistic and Conceptualistic Views of Probability 673
    3. On the Chance of Unknown Events 680
    4. On the Probability of Synthetical Inferences 685
    5. The Rationale of Synthetic Inference 690
    Chapter 8. A Theory of Probable Inference
    1. Probable Deduction and Probability in General 694
    2. Statistical Deduction 698
    3. Induction 702
    4. Hypothetic Inference 704
    5. General Characters of Deduction, Induction, and Hypothesis 708
    6. Induction and Hypothesis; Indirect Statistical Inferences; General Rule for their Validity 715
    7. First Special Rule for Synthetic Inference. Sampling must be Fair. Analogy 725
    8. Second Special Rule for Synthetic Inference, that of Predesignation 735
    9. Uniformities 741
    10. Constitution of the Universe 744
    11. Further Problems 751
Chapter 9. The Varieties and Validity of Induction
    1. Crude, Quantitative, and Qualitative Induction 775
    2. Mill on Induction 761
Chapter 10. Notes on Ampliative Reasoning
    1. Reasoning 773
    2. Validity 779
    3. Proof 782
    4. Probable Inference 783
    5. Predesignate 788
    6. Presumption 791
Appendix. Memoranda Concerning the Aristotelian Syllogism 792
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