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I Formal Fallacies

1. Masked Man
2. Propositional Fallacy
   1. Affirming the Consequent
   2. Denying the Antecedent
   3. Affirming a Disjunct
   4. Commutation of a Conditional
   5. Denying a Conjunct
   6. Improper Transposition
3. Probablistic Fallacy
   1. Base Rate Fallacy
   2. Conjunction Fallacy
   3. Fallacy of the Sheep
   4. Independence Fallacy
      • Gambler's Fallacy
   5. Hot Hand Fallacy
   6. Hot Hand Fallacy
   7. Lottery Fallacy
   8. Multiple Comparisons Fallacy
   9. Over-Extrapolation
4. Syllogistic Fallacy
   1. Illicit Process
      • Illicit Major
      • Illicit Minor
   2. Exclusive Premisses,
   3. Undistributed Middle,
   4. Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premiss
   5. Negative Conclusion from Affirmative Premisses
   6. Four-term Fallacy
      • Ambiguous Middle Fallacy " II.B.4.a
5. Quantification
   1. Existential Fallacy
   2. Illicit Contraposition
   3. Illicit Conversion
   4. Some are, some are not
   5. ⇒ Quantifier shift ⇐
      1. Scope" II.B.2.a
6. Modalism
   1. ⇒ Modal Scope ⇐
7. Bad Reasons
   1. Fallacy Fallacy

1. One-sidedness
   1. Quoting out of context" II.B.1
2. Ambiguity
   1. Quoting out of context" II.A.1
   2. Amphiboly
      1. Scope" I.E.5.a
   3. Accent
   4. Equivocation
      1. Ambiguous Middle" I.D.6.a
   5. Accident
3. Appeal to Ignorance
4. Red Herring
   1. Straw man
   2. Geneticism
      1. Appeal to misleading authority
         1. Appeal to celebrity
      2. Etymological fallacy
      3. Ad hominem
         1. Poisoning the well
         2. Tu quoque
   3. Two wrong make a right
   4. Bandwagon
   5. Appeal to consequences
   6. Emotional appeal
   7. Guilt by association
5. Composition
6. Division
7. Non Causa Pro Causa
   1. Cum hoc, ergo propter hoc
   2. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
   3. Regression
   4. Texas sharpshooter
8. Black-or-White
9. Vagueness
   1. Fake precision
   2. Slippery slope
   3. Appeal to nature
10. Begging the Question
    1. Loaded Words
       1. Appeal to nature
11. Weak Analogy
    1. Question-begging analogy
    2. Unrepresentative sample
       1. Hasty generalization
       2. Anecdote
12. Special Pleading

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Fallacies » Informal Fallacies » Begging the Question

Circular Argument • Circulus in Probando • Petitio Principii • Vicious Circle